Kuenzaniswa neradial flux motors, axial flux motors ane akawanda mabhenefiti mukugadzira mota yemagetsi.Semuenzaniso, axial flux motors inogona kushandura dhizaini yemagetsi nekufambisa mota kubva muaxle kuenda mukati memavhiri.
1.Axis yesimba
Axial flux motorsvari kugamuchira kuwedzera kutarisisa (kuwana traction).Kwemakore akawanda, rudzi urwu rwemotokari rwave rwuchishandiswa mukushandisa zvakamira senge maelevator nemichina yekurima, asi mumakore gumi apfuura, vagadziri vazhinji vanga vachishanda kuvandudza tekinoroji iyi nekuishandisa kune midhudhudhu yemagetsi, mapodhi enhandare, marori anotakura zvinhu, magetsi. motokari, uye kunyange ndege.
Traditional radial flux motors anoshandisa magineti echigarire kana induction motors, ayo akafambira mberi zvakanyanya mukugadzirisa huremu uye mutengo.Zvisinei, vanosangana nematambudziko akawanda mukuramba vachikura.Axial flux, rudzi rwakasiyana zvachose rwemota, inogona kunge iri imwe nzira yakanaka.
Kuenzaniswa neradial motors, iyo inoshanda magineti pamusoro penzvimbo yeaxial flux inogara magineti mota inzvimbo yemota rotor, kwete yekunze dhayamita.Naizvozvo, mune imwe vhoriyamu yemota, axial flux anogara magineti mota anogona kazhinji kupa yakakura torque.
Axial flux motorszvakanyanya compact;Kuenzaniswa neradial motors, kureba kweaxial yemota kupfupika.Kune emukati mavhiri mota, ichi kazhinji chinhu chakakosha.Iyo compact chimiro cheaxial motors inovimbisa yakakwira simba density uye torque density pane akafanana radial mota, nekudaro kubvisa kudiwa kwekumhanya kwakanyanya kwekushanda.
Kushanda kweaxial flux motors zvakare kwakakwira zvakanyanya, kazhinji kunodarika 96%.Izvi ndezvekutenda kune ipfupi, imwe dimensional flux nzira, inofananidzwa kana kutokwira mukuita zvakanaka kana ichienzaniswa neakanakisa 2D radial flux motors pamusika.
Kureba kwemota kupfupi, kazhinji kashanu kusvika kasere kupfupi, uye uremu hunoderedzwawo ne2 kusvika ku5 nguva.Izvi zvinhu zviviri zvakashandura sarudzo yemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira mapuratifomu.
2. Axial flux teknolojia
Pane maviri makuru topology yeaxial flux motors: dual rotor single stator (dzimwe nguva inonzi torus maitiro emuchina) uye imwechete rotor mbiri stator.
Parizvino, mazhinji echigarire magineti mota anoshandisa radial flux topology.Iyo magnetic flux circuit inotanga nemagineti isingagumi pane rotor, inopfuura nepakati pezino rekutanga pane stator, uye inoyerera radially pamwe ne stator.Zvadaro pfuura nezino rechipiri kuti usvike kune yechipiri magnetic simbi pane rotor.Mune maviri rotor axial flux topology, iyo flux loop inotanga kubva kune yekutanga magineti, inopfuura axially kuburikidza nemazino e stator, uye pakarepo inosvika kune yechipiri magineti.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira yekuyerera ipfupi pane iyo radial flux motors, zvichikonzera madiki mota mavhoriyamu, yakakwirira simba density uye kushanda zvakanaka pasimba rimwe chete.
Radial motor, uko iyo magineti flux inopfuura nepazino rekutanga uye yodzokera kune rinotevera zino kuburikidza ne stator, ichisvika kune magineti.Magnetic flux inotevera maviri-dimensional nzira.
Iyo magineti yekuyerera nzira yeaxial magineti flux muchina ine-dimensional, saka zviyo zvakanangana nesimbi yemagetsi inogona kushandiswa.Iyi simbi inoita kuti zvive nyore kuti flux ipfuure, nekudaro ichivandudza kushanda.
Radial flux motors zvechinyakare anoshandisa akagoverwa windings, inosvika hafu yeinoperera inopera isingashande.Iyo coil overhang inozokonzeresa huremu hwekuwedzera, mutengo, kuramba kwemagetsi, uye kurasikirwa kwakawanda kwekupisa, kumanikidza vagadziri kuti vavandudze dhizaini yemhepo.
Koiri inoguma yaaxial flux motorszvishoma, uye mamwe magadzirirwo anoshandisa concentrated kana segmented windings, ayo anoshanda zvachose.Kune akakamurwa stator radial michina, kuputika kweiyo magineti flux nzira mu stator kunogona kuunza kumwe kurasikirwa, asi kune axial flux motors, iri harisi dambudziko.Dhizaini yekutenderedza coil ndiyo kiyi yekusiyanisa mwero wevanopa.
3. Budiriro
Axial flux motors inotarisana nematambudziko akakura mukugadzira nekugadzira, kunyangwe zvakanakira tekinoroji, mutengo wavo wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo emaradial motors.Vanhu vane nzwisiso yakadzama yemaradial motors, uye nzira dzekugadzira uye michina yemuchina inowanikwawo nyore.
Imwe yematambudziko makuru eaxial flux motors ndeyekuchengetedza yunifomu yemhepo gap pakati pe rotor uye stator, sezvo simba remagineti rakakura kupfuura iro reradial motors, zvichiita kuti zviome kuchengetedza yunifomu yemhepo gap.Iyo hunyambiri rotor axial flux mota inewo nyaya dzekupisa kupisa, sezvo mhepo iri pakadzika mukati me stator uye pakati peaviri rotor discs, zvichiita kuti kupisa kuome zvakanyanya.
Axial flux motors zvakare yakaoma kugadzira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda.Muchina unotenderedza maviri unoshandisa dual rotor muchina une majoko topology (kureva kubvisa joko resimbi kubva pastator asi uchichengeta mazino esimbi) unokunda mamwe ematambudziko aya pasina kuwedzera dhayamita yemota nemagineti.
Zvisinei, kubvisa joko kunounza matambudziko matsva, akadai sekugadzirisa uye kuisa mazino ega pasina mechanical yejoko.Kutonhodza zvakare idambudziko guru.
Izvo zvakaomawo kubudisa rotor uye kuchengetedza mhepo yemhepo, sezvo rotor disc inokwezva rotor.Zvakanakira ndezvekuti madhisiki e rotor akabatana zvakananga kuburikidza nemhete ye shaft, saka mauto anodzima mumwe nemumwe kunze.Izvi zvinoreva kuti kutakura kwemukati hakumirire masimba aya, uye basa rayo chete nderokuchengetedza stator munzvimbo yepakati pakati pemarotor discs maviri.
Kaviri stator single rotor motors haitarise matambudziko emagetsi anotenderera, asi dhizaini ye stator yakanyanya kuomarara uye yakaoma kuwana otomatiki, uye mari yakabatana yakakwira zvakare.Kusiyana nechero yechinyakare radial flux mota, axial mota yekugadzira maitiro uye michina michina ichangobuda.
4. Kushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi
Kuvimbika kwakakosha muindasitiri yemotokari, uye kuratidza kuvimbika uye kusimba kweakasiyana.axial flux motorskugonesa vagadziri kuti mota idzi dzakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwagara kuri kunetsa.Izvi zvakurudzira vatengesi veaxial mota kuti vaite zvirongwa zvakakura zvekusimbisa vari voga, nemutengesi wega wega achiratidza kuti kuvimbika kwemota yavo hakuna kusiyana neyechinyakare radial flux motors.
Iyo chete chikamu chinogona kupera muaxial flux motandiyo mabearings.Kureba kweaxial magnetic flux ipfupi, uye nzvimbo yemabhengi iri pedyo, kazhinji yakagadzirirwa kuva zvishoma "pamusoro pe dimensioned".Neraki, iyo axial flux mota ine diki rotor misa uye inogona kumira yakaderera rotor dynamic shaft mitoro.Naizvozvo, iyo chaiyo simba rinoshandiswa kune mabearings idiki zvakanyanya pane iro reiyo radial flux mota.
Electronic axle ndeimwe yekutanga kushandiswa kweaxial motors.Iyo yakatetepa hupamhi inogona kuvharira mota uye giya bhokisi mune axle.Mumashandisirwo ehybrid, iyo ipfupi axial kureba kwemota inozopfupisa hurefu hwese hwekutapurirana system.
Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuisa iyo axial mota pavhiri.Nenzira iyi, simba rinogona kufambiswa zvakananga kubva kumota kuenda kumavhiri, zvichivandudza kushanda kwemota.Nekuda kwekubviswa kwekutapurirana, kusiyanisa, uye madhiraivha, kuomarara kwehurongwa kwakaderedzwawo.
Nekudaro, zvinoita sekunge zvigadziriso zvakajairika hazvisati zvaonekwa.Imwe neimwe yepakutanga yekugadzira michina iri kutsvagisa magadzirirwo chaiwo, sezvo hukuru hwakasiyana uye zvimiro zveaxial motors zvinogona kushandura dhizaini yemotokari dzemagetsi.Kuenzaniswa neradial motors, axial motors ane yakakwira simba density, zvinoreva kuti madiki axial mota anogona kushandiswa.Izvi zvinopa sarudzo nyowani dzemapuratifomu emotokari, sekuiswa kwemabhatiri mapaketi.
4.1 Yakakamurwa zvombo
Iyo YASA (Yokeless uye Segmented Armature) mota topology muenzaniso weiyo mbiri rotor imwe stator topology, iyo inoderedza kuoma kwekugadzira uye inokodzera otomatiki kugadzirwa kwemazhinji.Mamotor aya ane simba rinosvika 10 kW/kg ari kumhanya 2000 kusvika 9000 rpm.
Uchishandisa yakazvitsaurira controller, inogona kupa ikozvino ye200 kVA yemota.Iyo controller ine vhoriyamu inosvika 5 malita uye inorema 5.8 kilogiramu, kusanganisira yekupisa manejimendi ine dielectric mafuta kutonhora, yakakodzera axial flux motors pamwe neiyo induction uye radial flux motors.
Izvi zvinobvumira vagadziri vemagetsi ekutanga emidziyo yemagetsi uye yekutanga tier vagadziri kuti vasarudze zviri nyore mota yakakodzera zvichienderana nekushandisa uye nzvimbo iripo.Huremu hudiki uye huremu hunoita kuti mota ireruke uye ive nemabhatiri akawanda, nekudaro ichiwedzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu.
5. Kushandiswa kwemidhudhudhu yemagetsi
Kune midhudhudhu yemagetsi uye maATV, mamwe makambani akagadzira AC axial flux motors.Iyo inowanzo shandiswa dhizaini yerudzi urwu rwemotokari ndeye DC brashi yakavakirwa axial flux dhizaini, nepo chigadzirwa chitsva chiri AC, chakavharwa zvizere brushless dhizaini.
Makoiri eese ari maviri DC uye AC mota anoramba akamira, asi maviri anotenderera anoshandisa magineti echigarire pachinzvimbo chekutenderera maoko.Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti haidi mechanical reversing.
Iyo AC axial dhizaini inogona zvakare kushandisa yakajairwa matatu-chikamu AC mota ma controller eradial motors.Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mitengo, sezvo mutongi anodzora ikozvino ye torque, kwete kumhanya.Iyo controller inoda frequency ye12 kHz kana kupfuura, inova iyo huru frequency yemidziyo yakadaro.
Iyo yakakwira frequency inobva kune yakaderera mhepo inductance ye20 µ H. Iyo frequency inogona kudzora ikozvino kuti ideredze ripple ikozvino uye inovimbisa sinusoidal chiratidzo seyakatsetseka sezvinobvira.Kubva pamaonero ane simba, iyi inzira yakanaka yekuwana yakapfava kudzora mota nekubvumira kukurumidza kuchinja torque.
Iyi dhizaini inotora yakagoverwa kaviri-layer mhepo, saka iyo magineti inoyerera ichibva kune rotor ichienda kune imwe rotor kuburikidza ne stator, ine ipfupi nzira uye yakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka.
Chinokosha chekugadzirwa uku ndechekuti inogona kushanda pamwero mukuru we60 V uye haina kukodzera kune yakakwira voltage masisitimu.Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa kune yemagetsi midhudhudhu uye L7e kirasi ina-mavhiri mota dzakadai Renault Twizy.
Iyo yakanyanya voltage ye60 V inobvumira mota kuti ibatanidzwe mune mainstream 48 V magetsi masisitimu uye inorerutsa basa rekugadzirisa.
Iyo L7e mana-mavhiri emudhudhudhu akatsanangurwa muEuropean Framework Regulation 2002/24/EC anoti huremu hwemotokari dzinoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu hahupfuuri 600 kilogiramu, tisingasanganisi huremu hwemabhatiri.Motokari idzi dzinobvumirwa kutakura makirogiramu asingapfuuri 200 evatakuri, asingapfuuri 1000 makirogiramu emutoro, uye asingasviki 15 kilowatts einjini simba.Iyo yakaparadzirwa nzira yemhepo inogona kupa torque ye 75-100 Nm, ine peak kubuda simba re20-25 kW uye simba rinoramba riri 15 kW.
Dambudziko re axial flux riri pakuti mhepo yemhangura inobvisa sei kupisa, izvo zvakaoma nokuti kupisa kunofanira kupfuura nepakati pe rotor.Iyo yakagovaniswa mahwindi ndiyo kiyi yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri, sezvo iine nhamba huru yemapole slots.Nenzira iyi, pane nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro pakati pemhangura negoko, uye kupisa kunogona kutamiswa kune kunze uye kuburitswa neyakajairwa mvura inotonhorera system.
Multiple magnetic poles ndiwo akakosha pakushandisa sinusoidal wave mafomu, ayo anobatsira kuderedza harmonics.Aya maharmonics anoratidzwa sekudziya kwemagineti uye musimboti, nepo zvinhu zvemhangura hazvigone kutakura kupisa.Kana kupisa kuchiwanda mumagineti uye iron cores, kushanda zvakanaka kunodzikira, ndosaka kugadzirisa waveform uye nzira yekupisa kwakakosha pakuita kwemota.
Dhizaini yemota yakagadziridzwa kudzikisa mutengo uye kuwana otomatiki misa kugadzirwa.Iyo yakawedzera mhete yeimba haidi yakaoma mechini kugadzirisa uye inogona kuderedza mari yezvinhu.Iyo coil inogona kukuvadzwa yakananga uye nzira yekubatanidza inoshandiswa panguva yekufambisa mhepo kuchengetedza iyo chaiyo gungano chimiro.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti iyo coil inogadzirwa newaya inowanikwa mune zvekutengesa, nepo musimboti wesimbi wakamisikidzwa neyakagadzika pasherufu inoshandura simbi, inongoda kutemwa kuita chimiro.Mamwe magadzirirwo emota anoda kushandiswa kweakapfava magineti zvinhu mucore lamination, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichidhura.
Kushandiswa kwemhepo yakagoverwa kunoreva kuti simbi yemagineti haifaniri kuparadzaniswa;Zvinogona kuva zvimiro zviri nyore uye zviri nyore kugadzira.Kuderedza saizi yesimbi yemagineti uye kuve nechokwadi kuti kusununguka kwayo kwekugadzira kune zvakakosha pakudzikisa mitengo.
Dhizaini yeiyi axial flux mota inogona zvakare kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi.Vatengi vane shanduro dzakagadziridzwa dzakagadziriswa dzakatenderedza dhizaini yekutanga.Inobva yagadzirwa pamutsetse wekugadzira wekuyedzwa kwekutanga kugadzirwa kwekutanga, iyo inogona kudzokororwa mune mamwe mafekitori.
Kugadziridza kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti kuita kwemotokari hakubvi chete pakugadzirwa kweaxial magnetic flux mota, asiwo pamhando yechimiro chemotokari, bhatiri pack, uye BMS.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-28-2023