Zvichienzaniswa nema radial flux motors, ma axial flux motors ane zvakanakira zvakawanda mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, ma axial flux motors anogona kushandura dhizaini ye powertrain nekufambisa mota kubva pa axle kuenda mukati memavhiri.
1. Nheyo yesimba
Mota dzeAxial fluxvari kuwana kutariswa kuri kuwedzera (kuwana simba rekushandisa). Kwemakore mazhinji, mhando iyi yemota yave ichishandiswa mumabasa asingachinji akadai semaelevator nemichina yekurima, asi mumakore gumi apfuura, vagadziri vazhinji vanga vachishanda kuti vavandudze tekinoroji iyi uye vaishandise pamidhudhudhu yemagetsi, mapodhi endege, marori ekutakura zvinhu, mota dzemagetsi, uye kunyange ndege.
Mamota emagetsi emagetsi echinyakare anoshandisa magineti anogara kwenguva refu kana kuti mamota emagetsi emagetsi, ayo akaita kufambira mberi kukuru mukuvandudza huremu nemutengo. Zvisinei, anosangana nematambudziko akawanda mukuramba achikura. Axial flux, rudzi rwakasiyana zvachose rwemota, ingave imwe nzira yakanaka.
Zvichienzaniswa nema radial motors, nzvimbo inoshanda yemagineti ye axial flux permanent magnet motors ndiyo iri pamusoro pe motor rotor, kwete dhayamita yekunze. Saka, mune imwe vhoriyamu yemota, axial flux permanent magnet motors inowanzo kupa torque yakakura.
Mota dzeAxial fluxdzakatetepa; Zvichienzaniswa nemamota emagetsi emagetsi, kureba kwemota kupfupika zvikuru. Kune mamota emagetsi emukati, ichi chinhu chakakosha. Chimiro chakabatana chemota dzemagetsi emagetsi chinoita kuti simba riwedzere uye torque iwedzere kupfuura mamota emagetsi emagetsi akafanana, nokudaro zvichibvisa kudiwa kwekumhanya kwakanyanya.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwemota dze axial flux kwakakwirawo zvikuru, kazhinji kunodarika 96%. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti nzira ye flux iri pfupi, ine divi rimwe chete, inoenzana kana kuti yakakwira mukushanda zvakanaka kana tichienzanisa nemota dze 2D radial flux dzakanakisisa dziri pamusika.
Kureba kwemota kupfupika, kazhinji kupfupika ka5 kusvika ka8, uye huremu hunoderedzwawo ka2 kusvika ka5. Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvakachinja sarudzo yevagadziri vemapuratifomu emotokari dzemagetsi.
2. Tekinoroji yeAxial flux
Kune matopologi maviri makuru emota dze axial flux: dual rotor single stator (dzimwe nguva inonzi machines torus style) uye single rotor dual stator.
Parizvino, mamota mazhinji emagineti anogara kwenguva refu anoshandisa radial flux topology. Magnetic flux circuit inotanga ne permanent magnet iri parotor, inopfuura nepakati pezino rekutanga pa stator, yozoyerera ne radially ichitevedza stator. Yobva yapfuura nepakati pezino rechipiri kuti isvike kune rechipiri magnetic steel iri parotor. Mu dual rotor axial flux topology, flux loop inotanga kubva pa magnet yekutanga, inopfuura ne axially ichipfuura nepakati pemazino e stator, uye yobva yasvika pa second magnet.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira yekufambisa ipfupi zvikuru pane yemota dzemagetsi dzinofambisa magetsi dzinoshandisa magetsi, zvichiita kuti mota dzive diki, simba rakawanda uye kushanda zvakanaka pasimba rimwe chete.
Mota ine radial, apo magnetic flux inopfuura nepazino rekutanga yozodzokera kune rimwe zino kuburikidza ne stator, ichisvika pamagnet. Magnetic flux inotevera nzira ine mativi maviri.
Nzira yemagnetic flux yemuchina we axial magnetic flux ine divi rimwe chete, saka simbi yemagetsi inotarisa zviyo inogona kushandiswa. Simbi iyi inoita kuti zvive nyore kuti flux ipfuure nepakati, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda kwayo.
Mamota emagetsi emagetsi anoshandisa ma "distributed windings", uye kusvika hafu ye "winding ends" haisi kushanda. "Coil overhang" ichaita kuti pave nehuremu hwakawanda, mutengo, kuramba magetsi, uye kurasikirwa nekupisa zvakanyanya, zvichimanikidza vagadziri kuti vavandudze dhizaini ye "winding".
Migumo yekoirimota dze axial fluxdziri shoma, uye mamwe magadzirirwo anoshandisa mawinding akasimba kana akapatsanurwa, ayo anoshanda zvizere. Kune michina ye stator radial yakapatsanurwa, kuputika kwenzira yemagnetic flux mu stator kunogona kuunza kurasikirwa kwakawedzerwa, asi kune axial flux motors, izvi hazvisi dambudziko. Dhizaini ye coil winding ndiyo kiyi yekusiyanisa huwandu hwevatengesi.
3. Kubudirira
Mamota eAxial flux anotarisana nematambudziko akakomba mukugadzira nekugadzira, pasinei nezvakanaka zvetekinoroji, mitengo yawo yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura yemota dzeradial. Vanhu vane ruzivo rwakakwana rwemamota eradial, uye nzira dzekugadzira nemidziyo yemakanika zviripowo nyore.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinonetsa ma axial flux motors ndechekuchengetedza mukaha wemhepo wakaenzana pakati pe rotor ne stator, sezvo simba remagineti rakakura kupfuura re radial motors, zvichiita kuti zviome kuchengetedza mukaha wemhepo wakafanana. Dual rotor axial flux motor inewo matambudziko ekupisa, sezvo kutenderera kuri mukati me stator uye pakati pema rotor discs maviri, zvichiita kuti kupisa kuve kwakaoma zvikuru.
Mamota eAxial flux akaomawo kugadzira nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Muchina we dual rotor unoshandisa muchina we dual rotor une jokes topology (kureva kubvisa iron joke kubva pa stator asi uchichengetedza mazino esimbi) unokunda mamwe ematambudziko aya pasina kuwedzera dhayamita yemota nemagnet.
Zvisinei, kubvisa joko kunounza matambudziko matsva, akadai sekugadzirisa uye kuisa mazino ega ega pasina kubatana kwejoko. Kutonhodza idambudziko guruwo.
Zvakaomawo kugadzira rotor uye kuchengetedza mukana wemhepo, sezvo rotor disc inokwezva rotor. Chakanakira ndechekuti rotor discs dzakabatana zvakananga kuburikidza ne shaft ring, saka masimba anodzimana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bearing yemukati haigone kutsungirira masimba aya, uye basa rayo chete nderekuchengetedza stator iri pakati pema rotor discs maviri.
Mota dzemhando ye "double stator single rotor" hadzina matambudziko emota dze "circular", asi dhizaini ye "stator" yakaoma zvikuru uye yakaoma kuita otomatiki, uye mitengo yayo yakakwirawo. Kusiyana nechero mota ye "radial flux", maitiro ekugadzira mota dze "axial motor" nemidziyo yemakanika zvakangobuda munguva pfupi yapfuura.
4. Kushandiswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi
Kuvimbika kwakakosha muindasitiri yemotokari, uye kuratidza kuvimbika uye kusimba kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari.mota dze axial fluxKunyengetedza vagadziri kuti mota idzi dzakakodzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwagara kuri dambudziko. Izvi zvakakurudzira vatengesi vema axial motor kuti vaite zvirongwa zvakakura zvekusimbisa vega, mutengesi wega wega achiratidza kuti kuvimbika kwemota dzavo hakuna kusiyana nemota dzechinyakare dze radial flux.
Chinhu chega chinogona kupera mumota yekufambisa axialndiyo mabheyaringi. Kureba kwe axial magnetic flux kupfupi, uye nzvimbo yemabheyaringi iri pedyo, kazhinji yakagadzirirwa kuti ive "yakakura zvakanyanya". Nerombo rakanaka, axial flux motor ine rotor mass diki uye inogona kutsungirira mitoro yakaderera ye rotor dynamic shaft. Nokudaro, simba chairo rinoshandiswa kumabheyaringi idiki zvikuru pane re radial flux motor.
Erektori yemagetsi ndeimwe yenzira dzekutanga dzekushandisa axial motors. Upamhi hwakatetepa hunogona kufukidza mota negiya remagetsi mu axle. Mukushandiswa kwehybrid, kureba kweaxial kupfupi kwemota kunopfupisa kureba kwese kwesystem yekutumira.
Danho rinotevera nderekuisa axial motor pavhiri. Nenzira iyi, simba rinogona kutamiswa zvakananga kubva kumota kuenda kumavhiri, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemota. Nekuda kwekubviswa kwema transmissions, differentials, uye driveshafts, kuomarara kwesystem kwakadzikirawo.
Zvisinei, zvinoita sekunge magadzirirwo akajairwa haasati aonekwa. Mugadziri wega wega wemidziyo yekutanga ari kutsvaga magadzirirwo chaiwo, sezvo saizi dzakasiyana uye maumbirwo emamota emagetsi zvinogona kuchinja dhizaini yemotokari dzemagetsi. Zvichienzaniswa nemamota emagetsi, mamota emagetsi ane simba rakawanda, zvinoreva kuti mamota madiki emagetsi anogona kushandiswa. Izvi zvinopa sarudzo itsva dzekugadzira mapuratifomu emotokari, senge kuiswa kwemapaketi emabhatiri.
4.1 Zvikamu zvesimbi
MOTA YEYASA (Yokeless and Segmented Armature) muenzaniso wemota ine dual rotor single stator topology, iyo inoderedza kuoma kwekugadzira uye yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Mota idzi dzine simba remagetsi rinosvika 10 kW/kg pakumhanya kwe2000 kusvika 9000 rpm.
Ichishandisa controller yakatsaurirwa, inogona kupa simba remagetsi re200 kVA yemota. Controller ine vhoriyamu inosvika marita mashanu uye inorema 5.8 kg, kusanganisira kutonga kwekupisa nemafuta ekutonhodza, yakakodzera mota dze axial flux pamwe ne induction uye radial flux motors.
Izvi zvinobvumira vagadziri vemidziyo yemagetsi yepakutanga nevagadziri vemhando yekutanga kusarudza mota yakakodzera zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo nenzvimbo iripo. Saizi diki nehuremu zvinoita kuti mota ireruke uye ive nemabhatiri akawanda, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kwesimba remota.
5. Kushandiswa kwemidhudhudhu yemagetsi
Kune midhudhudhu yemagetsi nemaATV, mamwe makambani akagadzira mota dzeAC axial flux. Dhizaini inowanzoshandiswa yemhando iyi yemotokari iDC brush based axial flux designs, nepo chigadzirwa chitsva chiri AC, chakavharwa zvizere pasina mabhurashi.
Makoiri emota dzeDC neAC anoramba akamira, asi marotor maviri anoshandisa magineti anogara aripo pachinzvimbo chezvigaro zvinotenderera. Chakanakira nzira iyi ndechekuti haidi kudzoserwa kumashure kwemuchina.
Dhizaini yeAC axial inogonawo kushandisa macontroller eAC motor ane zvikamu zvitatu zvema radial motors. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mitengo, sezvo controller ichidzora torque yemagetsi, kwete kumhanya. Controller inoda frequency ye12 kHz kana kupfuura, inova ndiyo frequency huru yezvishandiso zvakadaro.
Frequency yakakwira inobva pakudzika kwemhepo inotenderera ye20 µ H. Frequency inogona kudzora current kuderedza ripple yemagetsi uye kuona kuti sinusoidal signal yakapfava sezvinobvira. Kubva pamaonero emagetsi, iyi inzira yakanaka yekuwana kudzora mota zviri nyore nekubvumira shanduko dzekukurumidza dze torque.
Dhizaini iyi inoshandisa kutenderera kwakapararira kwezvikamu zviviri, saka magnetic flux inoyerera kubva kurotor kuenda kune imwe rotor kuburikidza ne stator, nenzira pfupi uye inoshanda zvakanyanya.
Chinokosha pakugadzira uku ndechekuti inogona kushanda nevoltage yepamusoro ye60 V uye haina kukodzera masisitimu evoltage yakakwira. Saka, inogona kushandiswa kumidhudhudhu yemagetsi uye mota dzemhando yeL7e dzine mavhiri mana dzakadai seRenault Twizy.
Voltage yepamusoro ye60 V inobvumira mota kuti ibatanidzwe mumagetsi e48 V uye inoita kuti basa rekugadzirisa rive nyore.
Zvinodiwa zvemudhudhudhu weL7e une mavhiri mana muEuropean Framework Regulation 2002/24/EC zvinoti huremu hwemotokari dzinoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu hahupfuure makirogiramu mazana matanhatu, kusasanganisa huremu hwemabhatiri. Mota idzi dzinobvumirwa kutakura vanhu vasingapfuure makirogiramu mazana maviri, vasingapfuure makirogiramu chiuru emutoro, uye vasingapfuure makirogiramu gumi nemashanu esimba reinjini. Nzira yekumonera yakapararira inogona kupa torque ye75-100 Nm, ine simba rekubudisa re20-25 kW uye simba risingaperi re15 kW.
Dambudziko rekufamba kweaxial flux riri pakuti ma copper windings anobvisa sei kupisa, izvo zvakaoma nekuti kupisa kunofanira kupfuura nepakati pe rotor. Kutenderera kwakapararira ndiko kunobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, sezvo rine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzematanda. Nenzira iyi, pane nzvimbo yakakura pakati pe copper ne shell, uye kupisa kunogona kutamiswa kunze uye kunoburitswa ne standard liquid cooling system.
Matanda emagineti akawanda akakosha pakushandisa mafomati emafungu e sinusoidal, ayo anobatsira kuderedza ma harmonics. Ma harmonics aya anoonekwa sekudziya kwemagineti nepakati, nepo zvikamu zvemhangura zvisingakwanise kutakura kupisa. Kana kupisa kuchiungana mumagineti nepakati pesimbi, kushanda zvakanaka kunoderera, ndosaka kugadzirisa mafungu nepanzira yekupisa kwakakosha pakushanda kwemota.
Dhizaini yemota yakagadziriswa kuti ideredze mitengo uye iite otomatiki kugadzirwa kwehuwandu. Ring yeimba yakaburitswa haidi kugadziriswa kwakaoma uye inogona kuderedza mari yezvinhu. Coil inogona kukuvadzwa zvakananga uye nzira yekubatanidza inoshandiswa panguva yekumonera kuchengetedza chimiro chakakodzera chekubatanidza.
Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti coil yakagadzirwa newaya yakajairika inowanikwa kutengeswa, nepo simbi iri pakati payo yakasungirirwa nesimbi ye transformer yakajairwa yakabviswa pasherufu, iyo inongoda kuchekwa kuita chimiro. Mamwe magadzirirwo emota anoda kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakapfava zvemagineti mu core lamination, izvo zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya.
Kushandiswa kwemawinding akapararira zvinoreva kuti simbi yemagineti haidi kupatsanurwa; Inogona kunge iri nyore kugadzira uye iri nyore kugadzira. Kuderedza saizi yesimbi yemagineti uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kugadzirwa kwayo kuri nyore kune simba guru pakuderedza mitengo.
Dhizaini yemota iyi ye axial flux inogonawo kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Vatengi vane mavhezheni akagadzirwa akavakirwa padhizaini yekutanga. Zvadaro vanogadzirwa pamutsetse wekuyedza wekugadzira kuti vaongororwe pakutanga kwekugadzirwa, izvo zvinogona kudzokororwa mune mamwe mafekitori.
Kugadziriswa kwemotokari kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti mashandiro emotokari haangotsamiri pakugadzirwa kwemota ye axial magnetic flux chete, asiwo pamhando yechimiro chemota, bhatiri, uye BMS.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-28-2023
