Chikamu chechitatu chisina kurongekamotaimhando yemota ye induction inofambiswa nekubatanidza panguva imwe chete 380V three-phase AC current (musiyano wephase we120 degrees). Nekuda kwekuti rotor ne stator zvinotenderera magnetic field yemota ye asynchronous yephase nhatu zvinotenderera munzira imwe chete uye nekumhanya kwakasiyana, pane slip rate, saka inonzi mota ye asynchronous yephase nhatu.
Kumhanya kwerotor yemota ine zvikamu zvitatu isingashande zvakanaka kwakaderera pane kumhanya kwesimba remagineti rinotenderera. Kutenderera kwerotor kunogadzira simba remagetsi nemagetsi nekuda kwekufamba kwakabatana nesimba remagineti, uye kunosangana nesimba remagineti kuti kugadzire torque yemagetsi, zvichiita kuti simba rishandurwe.
Zvichienzaniswa ne single-phase asynchronousmota, ine zvikamu zvitatu zvisina kurongekamotaine mashandiro ari nani uye inogona kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Zvichienderana nemaitiro akasiyana e rotor, mota dzemhando nhatu dzisiri dzemagetsi dzinogona kukamurwa kuva mhando yekeji uye mhando yemaronda
Mota iyi isingashande pamwe chete ine cage rotor ine chimiro chiri nyore, inoshanda zvakanaka, ine huremu hwakareruka, uye mutengo wakaderera, izvo zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya. Dambudziko guru rayo nderekuti ine dambudziko rekudzora kumhanya.
Rotor ne stator yemota ine maronda matatu-phase asynchronous motor zvinewo ma windings matatu-phase uye zvakabatana ne rheostat yekunze kuburikidza ne slip rings, mabhurashi. Kugadzirisa resistance ye rheostat kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekutanga kwemota uye kugadzirisa kumhanya kwemota.
Nheyo yekushanda kwemota yemhando nhatu isina kurongeka
Kana simba remagetsi re "symmetrical three-phase alternating current" richishandiswa pa "three-phase stator winding", simba remagineti rinotenderera rinogadzirwa rinotenderera newachi panzvimbo yemukati ye "circular" ye "stator" ne "rotor" nekumhanya kwe "synchronous speed" n1.
Sezvo simba remagineti rinotenderera richitenderera nekumhanya kwe n1, rotor conductor inenge yakamira pakutanga, saka rotor conductor ichacheka stator rotating magnetic field kuti igadzire induced electromotive force (gwara resimba remagineti rinofambiswa rinotemerwa nemutemo weRight-hand).
Nekuda kwekutenderera kupfupi kwemubati werotor kumativi ese neringi pfupi, pasi pekushanda kwesimba remagetsi rinoita kuti rotor iite, mubati werotor achagadzira simba rinoita kuti rotor iite kuti rotor iite serinenge riri munzira imwechete nesimba remagetsi rinoita kuti rotor iite. Rinofambisa rotor rinoita kuti rotor iite serinenge riri pasi pesimba remagetsi rinoita kuti rotor iite serinenge riri pasi pesimba remagetsi rinoita kuti rotor iite serinenge riri pasi pesimba remagetsi rinoita kuti rotor iite serinenge riri pasi pesimba remagetsi rinoita kuti rotor iite serinenge riri pasi pesimba remagetsi rinotenderera.
Kuburikidza neongororo iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti musimboti wekushanda kwemota yemagetsi ndewekuti: kana ma "three-phase stator windings" emota (imwe neimwe ine musiyano we 120 degrees electrical angle) akadyiswa ne "three-phase symmetrical alternating current", simba remagineti rinotenderera rinogadzirwa, iro rinocheka rotor winding uye rinogadzira induced current mu rotor winding (rotor winding i closed circuit). Conductor we rotor anotakura magetsi anoburitsa simba remagineti pasi pesimba remagineti rinotenderera re stator, Saka, electromagnetic torque inoumbwa pamota shaft, ichityaira mota kuti itenderere nenzira imwecheteyo ne rotary magnetic field.
Dhayagiramu yekubatanidza waya yemota isina simba yechikamu chechitatu
Wiring huru yemota dzemhando nhatu dzisina kuenzana:
Waya nhanhatu dzinobva pakumonera mota ine zvikamu zvitatu dzisingashande dzinogona kukamurwa kuita nzira mbiri dzekubatanidza: delta delta connection uye star connection.
Waya nhanhatu=mawinding matatu emota=magumo matatu emusoro+magumo matatu emuswe, ine multimeter inoyera kubatana pakati pemusoro nemagumo emuswe ewinding imwe chete, kureva U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2.
1. Nzira yekubatanidza Triangle delta yemota dzisina kusimba dzechikamu chetatu
Nzira yekubatanidza triangle delta ndeyekubatanidza misoro nemiswe yemakona matatu akatevedzana kuti pave netriangle, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo:
2. Nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi yemota dzemhando nhatu dzisina kuenzana
Nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi ndeyekubatanidza magumo emuswe kana emusoro emawinding matatu, uye dzimwe waya nhatu dzinoshandiswa sekubatanidza magetsi. Nzira yekubatanidza sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo:
Tsananguro yeWiring Diagram yeMatatu Phase Asynchronous Motor muMifananidzo neMagwaro
Bhokisi remagetsi echikamu chechitatu
Kana mota yemhando nhatu isina kuenzana yakabatana, nzira yekubatanidza chidimbu chinobatanidza mubhokisi rekubatanidza ndeiyi inotevera:
Kana mota yemhando nhatu isina kuenzana yakabatana pakona, nzira yekubatanidza chidimbu chekubatanidza chebhokisi rejunction ndeiyi inotevera:
Kune nzira mbiri dzekubatanidza mota dzemhando nhatu dzisina kuenzana: kubatana kwenyeredzi uye kubatana kwetriangle.
Nzira yekubatanidza katatu
Mumakoiri ekumonera ane voltage yakafanana nedhayamita yewaya, nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi ine kutenderera kushoma katatu pachikamu chimwe nechimwe (nguva 1.732) uye simba shoma katatu pane nzira yekubatanidza triangle. Nzira yekubatanidza yemota yakapedzwa yakagadziriswa kuti igare nevoltage ye380V uye kazhinji haikodzeri kuchinjwa.
Nzira yekubatanidza inogona kuchinjwa chete kana nhanho yemagetsi yezvikamu zvitatu yakasiyana ne380V yakajairika. Semuenzaniso, kana nhanho yemagetsi yezvikamu zvitatu iri 220V, kushandura nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi yemagetsi ekutanga ezvikamu zvitatu 380V kuenda kune nzira yekubatanidza katatu kunogona kushanda; Kana nhanho yemagetsi yezvikamu zvitatu iri 660V, nzira yekubatanidza 380V delta yemagetsi yekutanga inogona kuchinjwa kuita nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi, uye simba rayo rinoramba risina kuchinja. Kazhinji, mota dzine simba shoma dzakabatana nenyeredzi, nepo mota dzine simba guru dzakabatana nedelta.
Pamagetsi akayerwa, mota yakabatana nedelta inofanira kushandiswa. Kana ikachinjwa kuita mota yakabatana nenyeredzi, inenge iri yemagetsi mashoma, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwesimba remota uye kutanga kwemagetsi. Pakutanga mota ine simba guru (delta connection method), magetsi acho anenge akakwira zvikuru. Kuti kuderedzwa kwesimba rekutanga pamutsetse, kutanga kwematanho kunowanzo shandiswa. Imwe nzira ndeyekushandura nzira yekutanga yekubatanidza delta kuita nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi yekutanga. Mushure mekunge nzira yekubatanidza nyeredzi yatanga, inoshandurwa kudzokera kunzira yekubatanidza delta kuti ishande.
Dhayagiramu yekubatanidza waya yemota isina simba yechikamu chechitatu
Dhayagiramu yemuviri yemitsetse yekutamisa yemberi neyekudzokera kumashure yemota dzemhando nhatu dzisina kuenzana:
Kuti mota ikwanise kudzora mota nekumashure, zvikamu zviviri zvemagetsi ayo zvinogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana (tinoti commutation). Kazhinji, chikamu cheV hachina kuchinja, uye chikamu cheU nechikamu cheW zvinogadziriswa zvichienderana. Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chemota chinogona kuchinjaniswa zvakavimbika kana macontactor maviri achishanda, waya dzinofanira kunge dzakafanana pachiteshi chepamusoro checontact, uye chikamu chinofanira kugadziriswa pachiteshi chezasi checontactor. Nekuda kwekuchinjana kwechikamu chephase sequence kwezvikamu zviviri, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti maKM coil maviri haagone kuvhurwa panguva imwe chete, zvikasadaro zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvechikamu kubva kuchikamu kuenda kuchikamu zvinogona kuitika. Saka, kupindirana kunofanira kuitwa.
Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, dunhu rekudzora rinobatana kaviri rinopinda mberi nereverse rine mabhatani anopindirana (emakanika) uye contactor inopindirana (yemagetsi) rinowanzo shandiswa; Nekushandisa mabhatani anopindirana, kunyangwe mabhatani emberi nereverse akadzvanywa panguva imwe chete, macontactor maviri anoshandiswa kugadzirisa phase haagone kuvhurwa panguva imwe chete, zvichidzivirira ma "phase to phase short circuits" nemakanika.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekuvharika kwezvibatiso zvinoshandiswa, chero bedzi chimwe chezvibatiso chichishanda, kubatana kwacho kwenguva refu kwakavharwa hakuzovharike. Nenzira iyi, mukushandiswa kwekubatanidza kwemakanika nemagetsi maviri, sisitimu yemagetsi yemota haigone kuva nematanho mapfupi echikamu chimwe nechimwe, ichidzivirira mota zvinobudirira uye ichidzivirira tsaona dzinokonzerwa nematanho mapfupi echikamu chimwe nechimwe panguva yekuchinja kwechikamu, izvo zvinogona kupisa contactor.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-07-2023
