Maumbirwo nekugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi yakachena zvakasiyana neyemotokari yemazuva ano inofambiswa neinjini yekupisa mukati. Injiniya yehurongwa yakaomawo. Inofanirwa kubatanidza tekinoroji yemagetsi, tekinoroji yemotokari, tekinoroji yemotokari uye dzidziso yemazuva ano yekudzora kuti iwane maitiro ekudzora akakodzera. Muhurongwa hwekugadzira sainzi yemagetsi netekinoroji, nyika inoramba ichitevedzera hurongwa hweR&D hwe "tatu dzakamira uye nhatu dzakatwasuka", uye inosimbisazve tsvakiridzo pahunyanzvi hwakajairika hwe "tatu dzakatwasuka" zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekushandura tekinoroji hwe "pure electric drive", kureva, tsvakiridzo pamotokari yekutyaira nehurongwa hwayo hwekudzora, bhatiri remagetsi nehurongwa hwayo hwekutarisira, uye system yekudzora simba. Mugadziri wega wega mukuru anogadzira hurongwa hwake hwekuvandudza bhizinesi zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekusimudzira nyika.
Munyori anoronga matekinoroji akakosha mukugadzirwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi, achipa hwaro hwedzidziso uye nhungamiro yekugadzirwa, kuyedzwa, uye kugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Chirongwa ichi chakakamurwa kuita zvitsauko zvitatu kuti tiongorore matekinoroji akakosha emagetsi ekufambisa musimba remagetsi emotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena. Nhasi, tichatanga tazivisa musimboti uye kupatsanurwa kwetekinoroji dzemagetsi ekufambisa.
Mufananidzo 1 Zvinongedzo Zvikuru muKugadzirwa kwePowertrain
Parizvino, matekinoroji makuru emagetsi emotokari anosanganisira mapoka mana anotevera:
Mufananidzo 2 Matekinoroji Makuru Ekushandisa Powertrain
Tsanangudzo yeSisitimu yeMotokari yeKutyaira
Zvichienderana nemamiriro ebhatiri remagetsi remotokari uye zvinodiwa nesimba remotokari, rinoshandura simba remagetsi rinobuda nemudziyo wekugadzira simba rekuchengetedza simba riri mubhodhi kuita simba remagetsi, uye simba racho rinotumirwa kumavhiri ekutyaira kuburikidza nemudziyo wekutumira, uye zvikamu zvesimba remagetsi remotokari zvinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi uye zvinodzoserwa mumudziyo wekuchengetedza simba kana mota yabhureka. Sisitimu yekutyaira yemagetsi inosanganisira mota, nzira yekutumira, muchina wekutonga mota nezvimwe zvikamu. Dhizaini yematanho ehunyanzvi ehurongwa hwekutyaira simba remagetsi inosanganisira simba, torque, kumhanya, voltage, chiyero chekutumira chekuderedza, simba rekupa simba, simba rekubuda, voltage, current, nezvimwewo.
1) Mutongi wemota
Inonziwo inverter, inoshandura magetsi anopinda zvakananga nepakeji yebhatiri remagetsi kuita magetsi anochinjana.
◎ IGBT: power electronic switch, musimboti: kuburikidza ne controller, dzora IGBT bridge arm kuti uvhare frequency yakati uye sequence switch kuti ugadzire three-phase alternating current. Nekudzora power electronic switch kuti ivhare, alternating voltage inogona kushandurwa. Zvadaro AC voltage inogadzirwa nekudzora duty cycle.
◎ Kugona kwefirimu: basa rekusefa; sensor yemagetsi: kuona magetsi emuchina wekumonera kwezvikamu zvitatu.
2) Kudzora nekutyaira: bhodhi rekudzora komputa, kutyaira IGBT
Basa remutongi wemota nderekushandura DC kuita AC, kugamuchira chiratidzo chega chega, uye kuburitsa simba rinoenderana netorque. Zvikamu zvikuru: simba remagetsi, capacitor yefirimu, sensor yemazuva ano, dunhu rekutonga rekutyaira kuti rivhure maswichi akasiyana, kugadzira ma currents munzira dzakasiyana, uye kugadzira voltage inochinjana. Nokudaro, tinogona kupatsanura sinusoidal alternating current kuita rectangles. Nzvimbo yema rectangles inoshandurwa kuita voltage ine urefu hwakaenzana. X-axis inoita kuti kutonga kwehurefu kuve nekudzora duty cycle, uye pakupedzisira inoita kuti kuchinja kwenzvimbo kuve kwakaenzana. Nenzira iyi, simba reDC rinogona kudzorwa kuti rivhare ruoko rweIGBT bridge pane imwe frequency uye sequence switch kuburikidza nemutongi kuti igadzire simba reAC rechikamu chechitatu.
Parizvino, zvikamu zvakakosha zvedhiraivha yedhiraivha zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika: ma capacitor, machubhu eIGBT/MOSFET switch, DSP, machipisi emagetsi uye macircuits akabatanidzwa, anogona kugadzirwa ega asi ane simba risinganyanyi kusimba: macircuits akakosha, masensa, maconnectors, anogona kugadzirwa ega: magetsi, madiode, ma inductors, mabhodhi ecircuit akawanda, waya dzakaputirwa, ma radiator.
3) Mota: shandura magetsi ekuchinjana echikamu chetatu kuita michina
◎ Maumbirwo: machira ekumberi nekumashure, magokora, mipini nemabheyaringi
◎ Dunhu remagineti: musimboti we stator, musimboti we rotor
◎ Dunhu: stator winding, rotor conductor
4) Chishandiso Chekutumira
Giya remagiya kana kuti reducer rinoshandura simba remagetsi rinobuda nemota kuita simba remagetsi rinodiwa nemota yese.
Rudzi rwemota yekutyaira
Mota dzinotyaira dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina zvinotevera. Parizvino, mota dzinopinza AC nemota dzinoenderana nemagnet dzinogara kwenguva refu ndidzo mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba. Saka tinonyanya kutarisa tekinoroji yemota dzinopinza AC nemota dzinoenderana nemagnet dzinogara kwenguva refu.
| Mota yeDC | Mota yeInduction yeAC | Magnet Inogara Ichienderana Mota | Mota yeKusada Kuchinja | |
| Zvakanakira | Mutengo Wakaderera, Zvinodiwa Zvishoma zveSistimu Yekudzora | Mutengo wakaderera, Kufukidzwa kwesimba rakafara, Tekinoroji yekudzora yakagadzirwa, Kuvimbika kwakanyanya | Simba Rakawanda, Kushanda zvakanaka, saizi diki | Maumbirwo Ari Nyore, Zvinodiwa Zvishoma zveSistimu Yekudzora |
| Kusagadzikana | Zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvakanyanya, Kumhanya kwakaderera, Torque yakaderera, hupenyu hupfupi | Nzvimbo diki inoshanda zvakanaka Simba Rakaderera Density | Mutengo wakakwira Kusagadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza | Kuchinja-chinja kukuru kwetorqueRuzha rwakanyanya kushanda |
| Kushandiswa | Mota yemagetsi diki kana diki inomhanya zvishoma | Mota dzeMabhizinesi eMagetsi neMota dzeVafambi | Mota dzeMabhizinesi eMagetsi neMota dzeVafambi | Mota ine simba rakasanganiswa |
1) AC Induction Asynchronous Motor
Musimboti wekushanda kwemota yeAC inductive asynchronous ndeyekuti winding ichapfuura nepakati pe stator slot ne rotor: inounganidzwa nesimbi dzakatetepa dzine magnetic conductivity yakakwira. Magetsi matatu achapfuura nepakati pe winding. Sekureva kwemutemo weFaraday we electromagnetic induction, magnetic field inotenderera ichagadzirwa, ndicho chikonzero nei rotor ichitenderera. Ma coil matatu e stator akabatana panguva ye 120 degrees, uye current-carrying conductor inogadzira magnetic fields dzakavapoteredza. Kana simba re three-phase rashandiswa kune iyi special arrangement, magnetic fields ichachinja munzira dzakasiyana nekuchinja kwe alternating current panguva yakatarwa, ichigadzira magnetic field ine uniform rotating intensity. Kumhanya kunotenderera kwe magnetic field kunonzi synchronous speed. Ngatitii closed conductor yakaiswa mukati, zvichienderana nemutemo waFaraday, nekuti magnetic field inoshanduka, Switch ichanzwa electromotive force, iyo ichagadzira current mu loop. Mamiriro aya akafanana ne current carrying loop mu magnetic field, ichigadzira electromagnetic force pa loop, uye Huan Jiang anotanga kutenderera. Uchishandisa chimwe chinhu chakafanana nekeji yesquirrel, simba remagetsi rechitatu-phase richagadzira simba remagineti rinotenderera kuburikidza ne stator, uye simba remagetsi richakonzereswa mubhawa rekeji yesquirrel rakapfupikiswa nemhete yekupedzisira, saka rotor inotanga kutenderera, ndosaka mota ichinzi induction motor. Nerubatsiro rwe electromagnetic induction pane kubatana zvakananga ne rotor kuti iite magetsi, insulating iron core flakes inozadzwa mu rotor, kuitira kuti simbi diki ive nechokwadi chekurasikirwa kushoma kwe eddy current.
2) Mota inopindirana neAC
Rotor yemota inochinjika yakasiyana neyemota isina kuchinjika. Magineti inogara iripo yakaiswa parotor, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando dzakaiswa pamusoro uye mhando yakasungirirwa. Rotor yakagadzirwa nesimbi yesilicon, uye magineti inogara iripo. Stator yakabatanawo nealternating current ine musiyano wechikamu che120, iyo inodzora saizi uye chikamu chesine wave alternating current, kuitira kuti magnetic field inogadzirwa nestator ive yakatarisana neiyo inogadzirwa nerotor, uye magnetic field iri kutenderera. Nenzira iyi, stator inokwezvwa nemagnet uye inotenderera nerotor. Cycle after cycle inogadzirwa ne stator uye rotor absorption.
Mhedziso: Kufambisa mota dzemagetsi kwave chinhu chikuru, asi hakusi kumwe chete asi kwakasiyana-siyana. Sisitimu yega yega yekufambisa mota ine index yayo yakazara. Sisitimu yega yega inoshandiswa mukufambisa mota dzemagetsi dziripo. Mazhinji acho imota dzisina kurongeka uye mota dzinogara dziripo dzemagnet synchronous, nepo dzimwe dzichiedza kushandura mota dzisingadi. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kufambisa mota kunobatanidza tekinoroji yemagetsi, tekinoroji yemicroelectronics, tekinoroji yedhijitari, tekinoroji yekudzora otomatiki, sainzi yezvinhu nezvimwe zvidzidzo kuratidza tarisiro yakazara yekushandiswa nekuvandudzwa kwezvidzidzo zvakawanda. Imukwikwidzi akasimba mumota dzemagetsi dzemagetsi. Kuti ive nenzvimbo mune ramangwana mota dzemagetsi, mhando dzese dzemota hadzifanirwe kungogadzirisa chimiro chemota chete, asiwo kugara dzichiongorora zvinhu zvine hungwaru uye zvedhijitari zvesystem yekudzora.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-30-2023
